Publikationen

1. Stephan Schmidt, Sven Hanelt, Carsten Canitz, Holger  Hoffmann, Leif-Alexander Garbe, R. J. Schneider
   Synthetic Strategies for the Modification of Diclofenac
   Synlett2017, 28(15), 1984-1989,  DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588858
2. Laura Rupprecht Enriqueta Martinez-Rojas, Sebastian Glaß,  Leif-Alexander Garbe
   Fructans juice as fermentable raw material to improve a beverage with prebiotic and probiotic properties
   Journal of Biotechnology 2017, 256, S28
3. Lidia Oberleitner, Ursula Dahmen-Levison, Leif-Alexander Garbe, and Rudolf J. Schneider
   Application of fluorescence polarization immunoassay for determination of carbamazepine in wastewater
   Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 193, 92-97

1. Stefanie Baldofski, Holger Hoffmann, Andreas Lehmann, Stefan Breitfeld, Leif-Alexander Garbe, and Rudolf J. Schneider
   Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the anthropogenic marker isolithocholic acid in water
   Journal of Environmental Management2016, 182, 612–619
2. Enriqueta Martinez-Rojas, Teresa Olejniczak, Konrad Neumann, Leif-Alexander Garbe, and Filip Boratyñski
   Simple Preparation of Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM 44534 as Biocatalyst to Oxidize Diols into the Optically Active Lactones (pages 623–627)
   Chirality2016, 28, 623-627. (DOI: 10.1002/chir.22623)
3. Lidia Oberleitner, Ursula Dahmen-Levison, Leif-Alexander Garbe, and Rudolf J. Schneider
   Improved strategies for selection and characterization of new monoclonal anti-carbamazepine antibodies during the screening process using feces and fluorescence polarization immunoassay
   Analytical Methods, 2016, 8, 6883-6894 (DOI: 10.1039/C6AY01968D)
4. David Alexander Back , Nicole Bormann, Arash Calafi, Julie Zech, Leif-Alexander Garbe, Martin Müller, Christian Willy, Gerhard Schmidmaier, Britt Wildemann
   Testing of antibiotic releasing implant coatings to fight bacteria in combat-associated osteomyelitis – an in-vitro study
   International Orthopaedics2016, 40, 1039-1047
5. Philip C. Wietstock, Richard Glattfelder, Leif-Alexander Garbe, and Frank-Jürgen Methner
   Characterization of the Migration of Hop Volatiles into Different Crown Cork Liner Polymers and Can Coatings
   Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2016, 64, 2737–274

1. Drzymala, Sarah S.; Binder, Jennifer; Brodehl, Antje; Penkert; Rosowski, Mark; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Koch, Matthias
   Estrogenicity of novel phase I and phase II metabolites of zearalenone and cis-zearalenone
   TOXICON2015, 105, 10-12
2. Zech, Julie; Manowski, Aneta; Malchow, S;, Rettberg, Nils; Garbe, Leif-Alexander
   Determination of Bisphenols, Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE), BADGE Chlorohydrins and Hydrates from Canned Beer by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry
   BrewingScience2015, 68, 102-109
3. Schmidt, Stephan; Hanelt, Sven; Canitz, Carsten; Hoffmann, Holger; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Schneider, Rudolf J.:
   Entwicklung monoklonaler Antikörper gegen Diclofenac
   Mitteilungen der Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie2015, 21(4), 107-109
4. Maschmeyer (geb. Wagner), Ilka; Hasenberg, Tobias; Jaenicke, Annika; Lindner, Marcus; Lorenz, Alexandra K.; Zech, Julie; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Sonntag, Frank; Hayden, Patrick; Ayehunie, Seyoum; Lauster, Roland; Marx, Uwe; Materne, Eva-Maria
   Chip-based human liver–intestine and liver–skin co-cultures – A first step toward systemic repeated dose substance testing in vitro
   European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2015, 95, 77–87
5. Hahner, Judith; Hillig, Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula; Meyer, Michael; Schröpfer, M.; Lohan, Anke; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Heinrich, and Breier A.
   Diffusion chamber system for testing of collagen-based cell migration barriers for separation of ligament enthesis zones in tissue-engineered ACL constructs
   Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition: 2015, 26, 1085–1099
6. Zech, Julie; Manowski, Aneta; Schulze, Anne-Kathrin; Canitz, Carsten; Neumann, Konrad; Garbe, Leif-Alexander
   Stable Isotope Dilution Assay of Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S from Thermal Paper Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
   Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau2015, 111, 129-136
7. Hoyer, Mariann; Meier, C; Breier, A; Hahner, J; Heinrich, G  ; Drechsel, N; Meyer, M; Rentsch; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Ertel, W; Lohan, A; Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula
   In vitro characterization of self-assembled anterior cruciate ligament cell spheroids for ligament tissue engineering
   Histochemistry and Cell Biology 2015, 143, 289-300
8. Drzymala, Sarah; Marten, Silvia; Weiz, Stefan; Heinze, Julia; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Prinz, Carsten; Zimathies, Annett; Koch, Matthias
   Automated solid-phase extraction coupled online with HPLC-FLD for the quantification of zearalenone in edible oil
   Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2015, 12, 3489-3497

1. Hoyer, Mariann; Meier, C.; Breier A.; Hahner, J.; Heinrich, G.; Drechsel, N.; Meyer, M.; Rentsch, C.; Garbe, Leif-Alexander;  Ertel, W.; Lohan, A.; Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula 
   In vitro characterization of self-assembled anterior cruciate ligament cell spheroids for ligament tissue engineering
   Histochem. Cell Biol., 2014, in press
2. Drzymala, Sarah S.; Herrmann, Antje J.; Maul, Ronald; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Koch, Matthias
   In Vitro Phase I Metabolism of cis-Zearalenone
   Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2014 in press
3. Martinez-Rojas, Enriqueta; Kurt, Tutku; Schmidt, Udo; Meyer, Vera; Garbe Leif-Alexander
   A bifunctional enzyme from Rhodococcus erythropolis exhibiting secondary alcohol dehydrogenase-catalase activities
   Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2014, DOI 10.1007/s00253-014-5808-2
4. Martinez-Rojas, Enriqueta.; Boratyśki, Fillip; Olejniczak, Teresa; Neumann, Konrad; Garbe, Leif-Alexander
   Conversion of diols to optically pure lactones with whole cells of Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM 44534
   Journal of Biotechnology 2014, S20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.067
5. Martinez-Rojas, Enriqueta.; Boratyśki, Fillip.; Buettner, Stefanie; Canitz, Carsten; Burkhardt, Renate; Garbe, Leif-Alexander
   Re-utilization of industrial wastes and byproducts by using a mixed culture ofRhodococcus erythropolis and Trametes versicolor
   Journal of Biotechnology 2014, S123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.421
6. Holmes, Emily Eva; Jung, Maria; Meller, Sebastian; Leisse, Annette; Sailer, Verena; Zech, Julie; Mengdehl, Martina; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Uhl, Barbara; Kristiansen, Glen; Dietrich, Dimo
   Performance Evaluation of Kits for Bisulfite-Conversion of DNA from Tissues, Cell Lines, FFPE Tissues, Aspirates, Lavages, Effusions, Plasma, Serum, and Urine.
   PLoS ONE 2014, 9(4): e93933. Page 1-15,  doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093933
7. Oberleitner, Lidia; Grandke, Julia; Mallwitz, Frank; Resch-Genger, Ute;Garbe, Leif-Alexadner; Schneider, Rudolf 
   Fluorescence polarization immunoassays for the quantification of caffeine in beverages
   J. Agric. Food Chem. 2014, 62, 2337−2343
8. Drzymala, Sarah; Riedel, Juliane; Köppen, Robert; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Koch, Mattthias
   Synthesis of ¹³C-labelled cis-zearalenone and its application as internal standard in stable isotope dilution analysis.
   World Mycotoxin J. 2014 7(1), 45-52

1. Grandke, Julia; Oberleitner, Lidia; Resch-Genger, Ute; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Schneider, Rudolf J.:
   Quality assurance in immunoassay performance -  carbamazepine immunoassay format evaluation and application on surface and waste waters.
   Anal. Methods, 2013, 5, 3754-3760
2. Hofmann, Ruslan; Weber, S.; Rettberg, Nils; Thörner, Sarah; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Folz, Roland:
   Optimization of the Hop Kilning Process to Improve Energy Efficiency and Recover Hop Oil
   BrewingScience 2013, 66 Nr. 3/4, 23-30
3. Schütt, Densie; Hageböck, Martin; Bader, Johannes; Stahl, Ulf; Garbe, Leif-Alexander:
   Behaviour and Analytics of Anthocyanins in a simulated In-vitro-Model of Digestion Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau 2013, 109(1), 40-47
4. Grandke, Julia; Oberleitner, Lidia; Resch-Genger, Ute; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Schneider, Rudolf J.:
   Quality assurance in immunoassay performance-comparison of different enzyme immunoassays for the determination of caffeine in consumer products.
   Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2013, 5, 1601-1611

1. Rettberg, Nils; Thoerner, Sarah; Garbe, Leif-Alexander:
   Bugging hop analysis – on the isomerization and oxidation of terpene alcohols during steam distillation
   BrewingScience 2012, 65 Nr. 7/8, S.112-117
2. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Neumann, Konrad; Rettberg, Nils:
   Cuán Peligroso es la Liberación de Bisfenol de Latas para un Consumidor de Ceveza. 
   Brauwelt ESPANOL, 2012, 16 Nr. 3, S. 108-110
3. Schütt, Densie;  Martinez-Rojas, E; Garbe, Leif-Alexander:
   Aerobic degradation of polyphenols by whole cells or crude extracts fromRhodococcus erythropolis DSM 44534
   New Biotechnology 2012, 29, S96-S97
4. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Rettberg, Nils:
   Der olfaktorische Code - Wie nehmen wir flüchtige Aromastoffe wahr? Getränkeindustrie 2012, 66  Nr. 10, S. 32-35
5. Schütt, Densie; Hageböck, Martin; Bader, Johannes; Stahl, Ulf; Garbe, Leif-Alexander:
   Following the metabolism of polyphenols and proanthocyanins in an in-vitrodigestion model
   New Biotechnology 2012, 29, S125-S126
6. Hageböck, Martin; Schütt, Denise; Popović, M.K.; Stahl, Ulf; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Bader, Johannes:
   Identification of metabolization of orally consumed products in a simulated digestion model
   New Biotechnology, 2012, 29, S184
7. Grandke, Julia; Resch-Genger, Ute; Bremser, W.; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Schneider, Rudolf J.:
   Quality assurance in immunoassay performance-temperature effects
   Analytical Methods 2012, 4, 901-905

1. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Rettberg, Nils:
   The power of stable isotope dilution assays in brewing
   BrewingScience 2011, 64, 140-150
2. Schütt, Densie; Hageböck, Martin; Bader, Johannes; Mast-Gerlach, Edeltraud; Stahl, Ulf; Garbe, Leif-Alexander;:
   Microbial metabolism of secondary plant metabolites by a simulated digestion model; Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2011, 22, S97
3. Baki, Isil; Schütt, Densie; Bader, Johannes; Mast-Gerlach, Edeltarud;Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Stahl, Ulf:
   Functional, fermented beverages based on malted cereals and fruit components
   Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2011, 22, S98
4. Köhler, Gunnar; Evans, Paul; Garbe, Leif-Alexander;:
   Stereo-Inversion in the (4R)-gamma-Decanolactone Synthesis bySaccharomyces cerevisiae: (2E,4S)-4-Hydroxydec-2-enoic Acid Acts as a Key Intermediate;
   Helv. Chim. Acta 2011, 94, 2125-2140

1. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Neumann, Konrad; Rettberg, Niels:
   Bisphenol A – A problem for consumers of canned beer?
   BrewingScience 2010, 63, 122-127

1. Ruther, Joachim; Matschke, Michael; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Steiner, Sven:
   Quantity matters: male sex pheromone signals mate quality in the parasitic waspNasonia vitripennis
   Proc. R. Soc. B 2009, 276(1671), 3303-3310

1. Garbe, Leif-Alexander:
   γ-Nonalactone in Beer: Biosynthesis by Yeast
   BrewingScience 2008, 61, 175-180
2. Abdel-latief, Mohatmed; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Koch, Markus; Ruther, Joachim:
   An epoxide hydrolase involved in the biosynthesis of an insect sex attractant and its use to localize the production site
   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105, 8914-8919
3. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Morgenthal, Katja; Kuscher, Katrin; Tressl, Roland:Metabolism of Deuterated erythro-Dihydroxy Fatty Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enantioselective Formation and Characterization of Hydroxylactones
   Helv. Chim. Acta 2008, 91, 993-1007
   
   
4. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Würtz, Alexander; Piechotta, Christian T.; Tressl, Roland:
   Peptide Catalyzed Maillard Reaction: Characterization of ¹³C Reductones
   Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2008, 1126, 244-247
5. Ruther, Joachim; Steiner, Sven and Garbe, Leif-Alexander:
   4-Methylquinazoline is a minor component of the male sex pheromone in Nasonia vitripennis
   J. Chem. Ecol. 2008, 34,  99-102

1. Moreno-Horn, Marcus; Martinez-Rojas, Enriqueta; Görisch, Helmut; Tressl, Roland; Garbe, Leif-Alexander:
   Oxidation of 1,4-alkanediols into γ-lactones via γ-lactols using Rhodococcus erythropolis as biocatalyst
   J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 2007, 49, 24–27
2. Ruther, Joachim; Stahl, Lina M.; Steiner, Sven; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Tolasch, Till:
   A male sex pheromone in a parasitic wasp and control of the behavioral response by the female’s mating status
   J. Exp. Biol. 2007, 210, 2163-2169
3. Orzinski, Martin; Würtz, Alexander; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Schneider, Jan:
   Permeation of Volatile Organic Compounds Through Plastic Bottles and Closures in the Beverage Industry
   MBAA TQ 2007, 44 (3), 190-197

1. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Barbosa de Almeida, Roberto; Nagel, Renate; Wackerbauer, Karl; Tressl, Roland:
   Dual Positional and Stereospecificity of Lipoxygenase Isoenzymes from Germinating Barley (Green Malt): Biotransformation of Free and Esterified Linoleic acid
   J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 946-955
2. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Moreno-Horn, Marcus; Tressl, Roland; Görisch,Helmut:
   Preferential attack of the (S)-configured ether linked carbons in bis-(1-chloro-2-propyl)ether by Rhodococcus sp. strain DTB 
   FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2006, 55, 113-121

1. Barbosa de Almeida, Roberto; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Nagel, Renate; Wackerbauer, Karl; Tressl, Roland:
   Regio- and Stereoselectivity of Malt Lipoxygenases LOX1 and LOX2. 
   J. Inst. Brew. 2005, 111, 265-274
2. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Hübke, Holger; Tressl, Roland:
   Enantioselective Formation Pathway of a Trihydroxy Fatty Acid During Mashing 
   J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 2005, 63, 157-162
3. Moreno-Horn, Marcus; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Tressl, Roland; Görisch,Helmut:
   Transient accumulation of g-butyrolactone during degradation of bis (4-chloro-n-butyl) ether by diethylether grown Rhodococcus sp. strain DTB 
   Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2005, 69, 335-340
4. Hübke, Holger; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Tressl, Roland:
   Characterization and Quantification of Free and Esterified 9- and 13-Hydroxyocta-decadienoic acids (HODE) in Barley, Germinating Barley and in Finished Malt 
   J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 1556-1562

1. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Tressl, Roland:
   Enzymatic Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation as Key Step in Decano-4-lactone and 
   Decano-5-lactone Degradation by Sporobolomyces odorus 
   ChemBiodiv. 2004, 1, 900-915
2. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Moreno-Horn, Marcus, Tressl, Roland, Rewicki, Dieter, Gorisch, Helmut:
   Microbial Desaturation of Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl)ether into a Dichloro Vinyl Ether 
   ChemBioChem. 2004, 5, 876-878
3. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Tressl, Roland:
   Metabolism of Deuterated threo-Dihydroxy Fatty Acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Enantioselective Formation and Characterization of Hydroxylactones and g-Lactones 
   Helv. Chim. Acta 2004, 87, 180-196

1. Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Tressl, Roland:
   Metabolism of Deuterated Isomeric 6,7-Dihydroxydodecanoic Acids inSaccharomyces cerevisiae– Diastereo- and Enantioselective Formation and Characterization of 5-Hydroxy-g-decanolactone Isomers
   Helv. Chim. Acta 2003, 86, 2349-2363
2. Moreno-Horn, Marcus; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Tressl, Roland; Adrian, Lorenz; Gorisch, Helmut:
   Biodegradation of bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether via initial ether scission and subsequent dehalogenation by Rhodococcus sp. strain DTB 
   Arch. Microbiol. 2003, 179 (4), 234-241

1. Nevoigt, Elke; Pilger, Rita; Mast-Gerlach, Edeltraud; Schmidt, Ulrike; Freihammer, Silke; Eschenbrenner, Martin; Garbe, Leif; Stahl, Ulf:
   Genetic engineering of brewing yeast to reduce the content of ethanol in beer 
   FEMS Yeast Res. 2002, 2, 225-232
2. Tressl, Roland; Wondrak, Georg Thomas; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Krüger, Ralph-Peter; Rewicki, Dieter: 
   Pentoses and Hexoses as Sources of New Melanoidin-like Maillard Polymers
   J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998, 46, 1765-1776

Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Rettberg, Niels:
Die Stereochemie der iso-α-Sauren: 40 Jahre verkehrte Welt
Brauereiforum 2014

Hageböck, M.; Schütt, D.; Bader, J.; Mast-Gerlach, E.; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Stahl, U.: 
A Simulated Digestion Model for Metabolization of Fungic Food Ingredients International Scientific Conference on Probiotics and Prebiotics - IPC2011, 14th - 16th June 2011, in the university city of Kosice, Slovakia; ISBN 978-80-970168-8-3

Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Neumann, Konrad; Rettberg, Niels:
Stellt die Freisetzung von Bisphenol A aus Bierdosen eine Gefahr für Biertrinker dar?
Brauwelt, 2011, 19, 610-612

Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Neumann, Konrad; Rettberg, Niels:
Plastic contaminants in canned beer? Bisphenol A release from beer can coatings – A health concern for consumers?
Brauwelt International 2011 in press

Garbe, Leif-Alexander:
Bis-Phenol A – Ein Problem für Biertrinker?
BRAUINDUSTRIE 2011, 3, 23

 Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Schwarz, Paul; Ehmer, Alexander:
Beer Gushing in: “Beer: A Quality Perspective: A Volume of the Handbook of Alcoholic Beverages Series”, Ed. Bamforth, Charles W., Elsevier Science & Technology, ISBN: 9780126692013, 2008

Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Nagel, Renate; Rauschmann, Marc; Lamers, Magret; Ehmer, Alexander; Tressl, Roland:
Correlation of Deoxynivalenol, Hydrophobins and Gushing
31. International European Brewing Convention Congress Proceedings, Venice, Italy, 06.-10. Mai 2007 only on CD-ROM, Fachverlag Hans Carl, 90268 Nürnberg, Germany

Neumann, Konrad; Tressl, Roland; Garbe, Leif-Alexander:
Characterisation of Z- and E-4,5-Epoxy-2E-decenals by Isotope Dilution Assays
31. International European Brewing Convention Congress Proceedings, Venice, Italy, 06.-10. Mai 2007 only on CD-ROM, Fachverlag Hans Carl, 90268 Nürnberg, Germany

Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Hübke, Holger; Tressl, Roland:
g-Nonalactone Enantiomers in Beer: Biosynthesis from 9- and 13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acids in Yeast
30. International European Brewing Convention Congress Proceedings, Prague, Czech Republic, 14.-19. Mai 2005 
only on CD-ROM, Fachverlag Hans Carl, 90268 Nürnberg, Germany

Barbosa de Almeida, Roberto; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Nagel, Renate; Wackerbauer, Karl; Tressl, Roland:
Characterisation of Lipoxygenase (LOX) Isoemzymes from Germinating Barley: Isoelectric Focussing, Substrate-, Regio- and Enantiospecificity
30. International European Brewing Convention Congress Proceedings, Prague, Czech Republic, 14.-19. Mai 2005 
only on CD-ROM, Fachverlag Hans Carl, 90268 Nürnberg, Germany

 Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Hübke, Holger; Tressl, Roland:
Oxygenated Fatty Acids and Flavour Stability – New Insights
29. European Brewing Convention Congress Proceedings, Dublin, Ireland2003 
only on CD-ROM, Fachverlag Hans Carl, 90268 Nürnberg, Germany

Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Lange, Harald; Tressl, Roland:
Biosynthesis of g-Nonalactone in Yeast
Aroma Active Compounds in Foods. Chemistry and Sensory Properties. Eds.: Gary R. Takeoka, Matthias Güntert, Karl-Heinz Engel. American Chemical Society Series No. 794, 2001, 176-182

 Tressl, Roland; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Lange, Harald:
Biosynthesis of optically active lactones by lipoxygenase/peroxygenase catalyzed pathways in yeast.
Frontiers of Flavour Science, Proceedings of the 9^th Weurman Flavour Research Symposium, Freising, Germany, 2000, 383-388.

Moller-Hergt, Gustavo; Wackerbauer, Karl; Tressl, Roland; Garbe, Leif-Alexander; Zufall, Carsten:
Hydroxy fatty acids in wort and beer.
27^th European Brewery Convention Congress Proceedings, Cannes, France,1999, 123-132.

Tressl, Roland; Garbe, Leif-Alexander.; Haffner, Thomas; Lange, Harald:
Biosynthesis of optically active d‑decalactone and d-jasmine lactone by 13-lipoxygenase pathways in the yeast Sporobolomyces odorus. 
American Chemical Society Symposium Series No 705(Flavor Analysis),1998, 167-180